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IS 4031 Part 2 : 1996Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement - Part 2: Determination of fineness by Blaine air permeability method

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ASTM C184 · EN 196-6 · AASHTO T 128
CurrentFrequently UsedTesting MethodMaterials Science · Cement
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OverviewValues4InternationalTablesFAQ3Related

IS 4031:1996 Part 2 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement - part 2: determination of fineness by blaine air permeability method. This part of IS 4031 covers the procedure for determining the fineness of hydraulic cement using the Blaine air permeability apparatus. The test measures the specific surface area of the cement (expressed in cm²/g or m²/kg), which is a crucial parameter affecting the rate of hydration, heat evolution, and strength development of concrete.

Describes the procedure for determining the fineness of hydraulic cement by the Blaine air permeability method.

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Frequently Used
Domain
Materials Science — Cement
Type
Testing Method
International equivalents
ASTM C184-17 · ASTM International, USAEN 196-6:2018 · CEN (European Committee for Standardization), EuropeAASHTO T 128-17 · AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), USAJIS R 5201:2015 · JSA (Japanese Standards Association), Japan
Typically used with
IS 8125
Also on InfraLens for IS 4031
4Key values3FAQs
Practical Notes
! Always calibrate the Blaine apparatus using a standard reference cement of known specific surface area before testing.
! Ensure the permeability cell, perforated disc, and plunger are completely clean and dry to avoid sample sticking and inaccurate volume compaction.
! Place the filter paper discs correctly (one below and one above the cement bed) to prevent cement particles from clogging the perforated disc.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 4ApparatusCl. 5Test SampleCl. 6Procedure for determining the bed volumeCl. 7Calculation of specific surface
Pulled from IS 4031:1996. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
cementhydraulic cement

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
ASTM C184-17ASTM International, USA
HighCurrent
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 150-μm (No. 100) and 75-μm (No. 200) Sieves
Defines a procedure for determining cement fineness by dry sieving, though using different sieve sizes.
EN 196-6:2018CEN (European Committee for Standardization), Europe
HighCurrent
Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness
Specifies fineness determination by sieving, often with an air-jet apparatus, but shares the 90 µm sieve size.
AASHTO T 128-17AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), USA
HighCurrent
Standard Method of Test for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 150-μm (No. 100) and 75-μm (No. 200) Sieves
Essentially identical to ASTM C184, used for transportation and highway applications.
JIS R 5201:2015JSA (Japanese Standards Association), Japan
MediumCurrent
Physical testing methods for cement
A comprehensive standard for cement testing that includes a method for fineness by sieving on a 90 µm sieve.
Key Differences
≠IS 4031 specifies a sample mass of 100 g, which is significantly larger than the 10 g used in EN 196-6 and 50 g in ASTM C184.
≠The Indian standard mandates a fixed sieving duration of 15 minutes, whereas ASTM C184 uses a performance-based endpoint (sieving until the amount passing per minute is negligible).
≠While IS 4031 describes a manual sieving procedure, EN 196-6 primarily details the use of a more precise and automated air-jet sieving apparatus for its dry sieving method.
≠IS 4031 uses a 90 µm sieve, which differs from the primary sieves of 75 µm (No. 200) and 150 µm (No. 100) specified in ASTM C184.
Key Similarities
≈The fundamental principle of the test is identical: to determine fineness by measuring the mass of cement residue retained on a standard sieve after a defined procedure.
≈The result is universally expressed as the mass of the residue as a percentage of the initial sample mass, reported to the nearest 0.1%.
≈Both IS 4031 and EN 196-6 specify the use of a 90 µm sieve, making comparisons between results from these standards more direct, despite procedural differences.
≈All standards require that the test sieve be thoroughly clean, dry, and verified for conformity (e.g., no damage, correct aperture size) before use.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Primary Sieve Aperture90 µm75 µm (No. 200)ASTM C184-17
Primary Sieve Aperture90 µm90 µmEN 196-6:2018
Test Sample Mass100 g50 gASTM C184-17
Test Sample Mass100 g10 gEN 196-6:2018
Sieving ProcedureManual shaking for a fixed timePrimarily automated air-jet sievingEN 196-6:2018
Sieving Endpoint15 minutes of continuous sievingWhen residue passing in 1 minute is less than 0.10 gASTM C184-17
Weighing Balance Accuracy0.01 g0.01 gASTM C184-17
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values4

Quick Reference Values
standard porosity of compacted bed0.500 ± 0.005
testing room temperature27 ± 2 °C
testing relative humidity65 ± 5 %
filter paper porosityMedium retentive (Whatman No. 40 or equivalent)
Key Formulas
W = ρ × V × (1 - e) — Weight of sample to be tested
S = (Ss × √T × √ns) / (√Ts × √n) — Specific surface area calculation

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
No tables data
Key Clauses
Clause 4 - Apparatus
Clause 5 - Test Sample
Clause 6 - Procedure for determining the bed volume
Clause 7 - Calculation of specific surface

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 8125:1976Dimensions and materials of cement rotary kil...
→

Frequently Asked Questions3

What does the Blaine test actually measure?+
It measures the specific surface area of cement particles, which indicates its fineness.
What is the standard porosity used for the compacted cement bed?+
The standard porosity (e) used for testing is 0.500 ± 0.005.
What liquid is used in the manometer?+
A non-volatile, non-hygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density, typically light mineral oil.

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