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IS 875 Part 4 : 1987Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures - Snow Loads

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ASCE/SEI 7 · EN 1991-1-1 · AS/NZS 1170.1
CurrentSpecializedCode of PracticeBIMStructural Engineering · Structural Design and Loading
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IS 875:1987 Part 4 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures - snow loads. IS 875 Part 4 provides guidelines for calculating design snow loads on roofs and structures. It is primarily used by structural engineers designing buildings in high-altitude or snow-prone regions to ensure structural stability against snow accumulation.

Specifies snow loads to be considered in the design of roofs and other parts of buildings in snowy regions.

Quick Reference — IS 875 Part 4:1987 Snow Loads

Shape coefficient µ for sloped roofs, balanced/unbalanced cases and ground-to-roof snow conversion.

✓ Verified 2026-04-26
ReferenceValueClause
Code applicability — snow load mandatory aboveHill regions and altitudes per IMD ground snow mapCl. 1 / 4.1
Ground snow load — design valueFrom IMD map / 50-yr return periodCl. 4.1
Snow load on roof — basic relations = µ · s₀ (µ = shape coefficient)Cl. 5.2
Shape coefficient µ — flat / mono-pitch ≤30°0.8Cl. 5.2 (Fig. 1)
Shape coefficient µ — pitched roof 30°–60°0.8 · (60 − α)/30Cl. 5.2 (Fig. 1)
Shape coefficient µ — roof slope ≥ 60°0 (snow slides off)Cl. 5.2 (Fig. 1)
Drift / unbalanced load — multi-bay roof valleyUp to 1.6 × balanced loadCl. 5.3
Min snow density (fresh)1.0 kN/m³ (~100 kg/m³)Cl. 4.1.2
Snow density — settled / compact2.0–4.0 kN/m³Cl. 4.1.2
Snow + wind combination — partial allowanceReduced wind pressure on snow-covered roofCl. 6
Snow load on canopies / overhangsSame as adjoining roof + driftCl. 5.3.3
Snow on parapets / projections — accumulationTreated as drifted loadCl. 5.3.4
Conversion — depth (cm) to load (kN/m²) for fresh snow≈ 0.01 kN/m² per cm depthCl. 4.1.2
⚠ IMD ground snow data is project-specific. For Himalayan / NE projects, also reference state-level snow records and CWC studies.

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Structural Engineering — Structural Design and Loading
Type
Code of Practice
International equivalents
ASCE/SEI 7-22 · ASCE (US)EN 1991-1-1:2002 · CEN (European Union)AS/NZS 1170.1:2002 · SA/SNZ (Australia/New Zealand)
Also on InfraLens for IS 875
3Key values1Tables4Handbook topics2Knowledge articles4FAQs

BIM-relevant code. See the BIM Hub for ISO 19650, IFC, and LOD/LOIN frameworks used alongside it.

Practical Notes
! Snow loads can generally be ignored for roof slopes greater than 60 degrees as snow typically slides off.
! Ground snow loads (S0) must be determined based on local meteorological data or elevation, as it varies significantly by local topography.
! Engineers must account for asymmetrical snow loading patterns on curved and multi-span roofs due to drifting, sliding, and wind effects.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 3Design Snow LoadCl. 4Shape CoefficientsCl. 4.1Monopitch and Pitched RoofsCl. 4.3Curved RoofsCl. 4.4Multi-span Roofs
Pulled from IS 875:1987. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
ASCE/SEI 7-22ASCE (US)
HighCurrent
Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures
Chapter 3 specifically covers Dead Loads, providing material weights and calculation principles.
EN 1991-1-1:2002CEN (European Union)
HighCurrent
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings
Provides material densities (unit weights) and guidance on determining the self-weight of construction works.
AS/NZS 1170.1:2002SA/SNZ (Australia/New Zealand)
HighCurrent
Structural design actions - Part 1: Permanent, imposed and other actions
Covers 'Permanent actions' (G), which is the term used for dead loads, providing material densities.
BS 6399-1:1996BSI (UK)
HighWithdrawn
Loading for buildings - Part 1: Code of practice for dead and imposed loads
Direct historical equivalent, providing scheduled weights for materials and components for dead load calculation.
Key Differences
≠IS 875 contains unit weights for numerous materials specific to Indian construction (e.g., various local timbers like Deodar and Sal, Mud Phuska insulation, Surkhi mortar), which are not found in international standards like ASCE 7 or Eurocode 1.
≠For partitions where locations are not fixed, IS 875 recommends a uniformly distributed load derived from the actual partition weight (min. 1/3 of weight per metre run). In contrast, ASCE 7 often addresses movable partitions by specifying a minimum superimposed live load (e.g., 15 psf or 0.72 kN/m² in offices), which is a different classification and application philosophy.
≠IS 875:1987 is a significantly older standard (though reaffirmed). Modern codes like ASCE 7-22 and Eurocodes are updated more frequently and are more likely to include data and guidance for contemporary materials like engineered wood products, composites, and advanced facade systems.
≠International standards like Eurocode 1 often provide a range of values for material densities based on source, moisture content, or composition, encouraging more specific engineering judgment. IS 875 tends to be more prescriptive, providing a single value for many materials.
Key Similarities
≈The fundamental definition of dead load is identical: it is the gravity load due to the self-weight of all permanent structural and non-structural components of a building.
≈The basic calculation methodology is universal across all standards, based on summing the products of the volume of each component and its corresponding unit weight (material density).
≈All standards provide extensive tabulated data of unit weights for common construction materials like concrete, steel, masonry, and glass, which serve as the primary reference for designers.
≈All codes explicitly state that the weight of permanent finishes (e.g., floor screeds, plaster, ceiling tiles) and fixed service equipment (e.g., HVAC ducts, plumbing, electrical conduits) must be included in the dead load calculation.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)24.0 kN/m³24.0 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)25.0 kN/m³25.0 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
Structural Steel78.5 kN/m³78.5 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
Common Burnt Clay Brick Masonry18.85 kN/m³16.0 - 20.0 kN/m³ (depending on brick density)EN 1991-1-1
Cement Plaster20.4 kN/m³20.0 kN/m³ (for Cement mortar)EN 1991-1-1
Cast Iron72.08 kN/m³72.5 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
Water (Fresh)9.81 kN/m³10.0 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
Glass (Sheet/Plate)25.1 kN/m³25.0 kN/m³EN 1991-1-1
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values3

Quick Reference Values
Shape coefficient (µ) for roof pitch ≤ 30°0.8
Shape coefficient (µ) for roof pitch ≥ 60°0
Shape coefficient (µ) for roof pitch between 30° and 60°0.8 x (60 - pitch)/30
Key Formulas
S = µ × S0 — Design snow load on a roof area, where µ is the shape coefficient and S0 is the ground snow load

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Appendix A - Statement Showing Snow Load in Different Regions
Key Clauses
Clause 3 - Design Snow Load
Clause 4 - Shape Coefficients
Clause 4.1 - Monopitch and Pitched Roofs
Clause 4.3 - Curved Roofs
Clause 4.4 - Multi-span Roofs

Related Resources on InfraLens

Handbook & Design Rules
Handbook Topics
📖Unit Weights of Materials
→
📖Dead Loads of Building Components
→
📖Live Loads (Imposed Loads)
→
📖Basic Wind Speed by City (IS 875-3)
→
Design Rules (NBC 2016)
📐Minimum Ceiling Height Residential
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📐Minimum Internal Courtyard
→
📐Max Staircase Riser Residential
→
📐Min Staircase Tread Residential
→
📐Max Staircase Riser Assembly
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📐Min Staircase Tread Assembly
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Articles & Guides
📖IS 875 vs ASCE 7: Wind Load Calculation Compared (India vs USA)
→
📖Slab Thickness — How to Decide 100 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm
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Mix Design Calculator
IS 10262 · M20–M50

Frequently Asked Questions4

How is the design snow load on a roof calculated?+
It is calculated using the formula S = µ × S0, where µ is the shape coefficient of the roof and S0 is the ground snow load (Clause 3.1).
What is the shape coefficient for roofs with an angle over 60 degrees?+
The shape coefficient (µ) is 0, meaning no snow load needs to be considered as the snow will slide off.
Where can I find the ground snow load (S0)?+
It should be obtained from local meteorological records; indicative values for specific Indian regions (like Shimla, Srinagar) are provided in Appendix A.
Do I need to combine maximum wind load and maximum snow load?+
Load combinations are dictated by IS 875 (Part 5), but typically wind and maximum snow load are considered with appropriate combination factors, as strong winds often blow snow away from roofs.

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