Standard daily output per skilled worker for common construction activities, based on CPWD norms used across Indian government works. Use for crew sizing, schedule planning, and cost estimation. Productivity varies ±20–30% with site conditions, weather, supervision, and worker skill — use as a benchmark, not a guarantee.
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Concrete Work (per mason per 8-hour day)
Activity Output Unit Crew Note PCC 1:4:8 / 1:5:10 (mass) 5.0–7.0 m³ per day 1 mason + 4 labourers + 1 mixer Hand mixing — half output PCC 1:3:6 (column footings) 4.0–5.0 m³ per day 1 mason + 3 labourers — RCC slab (M20/M25, machine mixed) 3.0–4.0 m³ per day 1 mason + 4 labourers Includes vibration & finishing RCC beam (M20/M25) 2.5–3.5 m³ per day 1 mason + 4 labourers Smaller pours, more handling RCC column (M20/M25) 1.5–2.5 m³ per day 1 mason + 4 labourers Vertical pour, slower Concrete pump (RMC) 30–50 m³/hr (pump rate) 1 pump op + 6 labourers Far higher than manual
Brickwork (per mason per day)
Activity Output Unit Crew Note Brickwork in foundation/plinth (1:4) 1.5–2.0 m³ per day 1 mason + 2 labourers ≈ 750 bricks/day Brickwork in superstructure (1:6) 1.0–1.5 m³ per day 1 mason + 2 labourers ≈ 500 bricks/day Half-brick wall (115 mm) 8.0–10.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer Partition walls AAC block work (200 mm) 5.0–7.0 m³ per day 1 mason + 2 labourers Faster than brick RR (random rubble) masonry 1.0–1.5 m³ per day 1 mason + 2 labourers — Coursed rubble masonry 0.8–1.2 m³ per day 1 mason + 2 labourers Slower due to dressing
Plastering (per mason per day)
Activity Output Unit Crew Note Internal plaster 12 mm (1:6) 10.0–12.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer Single coat External plaster 15 mm (1:5) 8.0–10.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer Sand-faced finish Two-coat external plaster 20 mm 6.0–8.0 m² per day 1 mason + 2 labourers Both coats Ceiling plaster 6 mm 8.0–10.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer Slower — overhead work Punning (white finish 3 mm) 15.0–20.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer Lime / POP Pointing (re-pointing brickwork) 8.0–10.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 labourer —
Steel & Reinforcement
Activity Output Unit Crew Note Bar bending & cutting 100–150 kg per fitter per day 1 bar bender + 1 helper Includes BBS Reinforcement fixing in slabs 300–400 kg per fitter per day 1 fitter + 2 helpers Higher for larger bars Reinforcement fixing in columns 200–300 kg per fitter per day 1 fitter + 2 helpers Slower — vertical work Reinforcement fixing in beams 250–350 kg per fitter per day 1 fitter + 2 helpers — Structural steel erection (heavy) 1.0–2.0 tonne per crew per day 1 erector + 4 fitters + crane Industrial sheds
Finishing & Other Trades
Activity Output Unit Crew Note Tile laying (300×300 floor) 10.0–15.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 helper Larger tiles slower Tile laying (600×600 floor) 8.0–12.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 helper — Wall tiling (kitchen/bath) 6.0–8.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 helper Vertical work, slower Polished kota / marble 4.0–6.0 m² per day 1 mason + 1 helper Includes grinding Shuttering (column) 8.0–12.0 m² per carpenter per day 1 carpenter + 1 helper — Shuttering (slab + beam) 6.0–10.0 m² per carpenter per day 1 carpenter + 1 helper Including props & soffit Painting — primer 30.0–40.0 m² per painter per day 1 painter + 1 helper Smooth surface Painting — emulsion (2 coats) 20.0–25.0 m² per painter per day 1 painter + 1 helper — Painting — exterior textured 15.0–20.0 m² per painter per day 1 painter + 1 helper —
Earthwork & Excavation
Activity Output Unit Crew Note Excavation (manual, ordinary soil) 2.5–3.5 m³ per labourer per day Labourer only Loose soil, depth ≤ 1.5 m Excavation (manual, hard soil) 1.5–2.0 m³ per labourer per day Labourer + pickaxe Murum, weathered rock Excavation (machine, JCB 3CX) 60–100 m³ per machine per day 1 operator Plus dumpers Backfilling with compaction 5.0–7.0 m³ per labourer per day 1 labourer + manual rammer —
Notes
• These are CPWD norms — contractor productivity is often ±30% in either direction
• Productivity drops ~25% in monsoon, ~15% in extreme heat (>40°C), ~20% in night work
• Always add 10–15% supervision overhead when computing crew sizes
• First day on a new task: expect 60–70% of normal output (learning curve)
• Output goes up 20–30% in repetitive work (e.g., 50+ identical floors)
• Don't size crews from output alone — also check the working area / front available
• For heavy industrial work, refer to RCD/IOC/NTPC norms — these are typically lower than CPWD
• Use these for offer preparation; for actuals, log site productivity weekly and recalibrate
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