Standard daily output per skilled worker for common construction activities, based on CPWD norms used across Indian government works. Use for crew sizing, schedule planning, and cost estimation. Productivity varies ±20–30% with site conditions, weather, supervision, and worker skill — use as a benchmark, not a guarantee.
Concrete Work (per mason per 8-hour day)
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| PCC 1:4:8 / 1:5:10 (mass) | 5.0–7.0 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 4 labourers + 1 mixer | Hand mixing — half output |
| PCC 1:3:6 (column footings) | 4.0–5.0 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 3 labourers | — |
| RCC slab (M20/M25, machine mixed) | 3.0–4.0 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 4 labourers | Includes vibration & finishing |
| RCC beam (M20/M25) | 2.5–3.5 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 4 labourers | Smaller pours, more handling |
| RCC column (M20/M25) | 1.5–2.5 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 4 labourers | Vertical pour, slower |
| Concrete pump (RMC) | 30–50 | m³/hr (pump rate) | 1 pump op + 6 labourers | Far higher than manual |
Brickwork (per mason per day)
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| Brickwork in foundation/plinth (1:4) | 1.5–2.0 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | ≈ 750 bricks/day |
| Brickwork in superstructure (1:6) | 1.0–1.5 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | ≈ 500 bricks/day |
| Half-brick wall (115 mm) | 8.0–10.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | Partition walls |
| AAC block work (200 mm) | 5.0–7.0 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | Faster than brick |
| RR (random rubble) masonry | 1.0–1.5 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | — |
| Coursed rubble masonry | 0.8–1.2 | m³ per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | Slower due to dressing |
Plastering (per mason per day)
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| Internal plaster 12 mm (1:6) | 10.0–12.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | Single coat |
| External plaster 15 mm (1:5) | 8.0–10.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | Sand-faced finish |
| Two-coat external plaster 20 mm | 6.0–8.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 2 labourers | Both coats |
| Ceiling plaster 6 mm | 8.0–10.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | Slower — overhead work |
| Punning (white finish 3 mm) | 15.0–20.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | Lime / POP |
| Pointing (re-pointing brickwork) | 8.0–10.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 labourer | — |
Steel & Reinforcement
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| Bar bending & cutting | 100–150 | kg per fitter per day | 1 bar bender + 1 helper | Includes BBS |
| Reinforcement fixing in slabs | 300–400 | kg per fitter per day | 1 fitter + 2 helpers | Higher for larger bars |
| Reinforcement fixing in columns | 200–300 | kg per fitter per day | 1 fitter + 2 helpers | Slower — vertical work |
| Reinforcement fixing in beams | 250–350 | kg per fitter per day | 1 fitter + 2 helpers | — |
| Structural steel erection (heavy) | 1.0–2.0 | tonne per crew per day | 1 erector + 4 fitters + crane | Industrial sheds |
Finishing & Other Trades
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| Tile laying (300×300 floor) | 10.0–15.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 helper | Larger tiles slower |
| Tile laying (600×600 floor) | 8.0–12.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 helper | — |
| Wall tiling (kitchen/bath) | 6.0–8.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 helper | Vertical work, slower |
| Polished kota / marble | 4.0–6.0 | m² per day | 1 mason + 1 helper | Includes grinding |
| Shuttering (column) | 8.0–12.0 | m² per carpenter per day | 1 carpenter + 1 helper | — |
| Shuttering (slab + beam) | 6.0–10.0 | m² per carpenter per day | 1 carpenter + 1 helper | Including props & soffit |
| Painting — primer | 30.0–40.0 | m² per painter per day | 1 painter + 1 helper | Smooth surface |
| Painting — emulsion (2 coats) | 20.0–25.0 | m² per painter per day | 1 painter + 1 helper | — |
| Painting — exterior textured | 15.0–20.0 | m² per painter per day | 1 painter + 1 helper | — |
Earthwork & Excavation
| Activity | Output | Unit | Crew | Note |
|---|
| Excavation (manual, ordinary soil) | 2.5–3.5 | m³ per labourer per day | Labourer only | Loose soil, depth ≤ 1.5 m |
| Excavation (manual, hard soil) | 1.5–2.0 | m³ per labourer per day | Labourer + pickaxe | Murum, weathered rock |
| Excavation (machine, JCB 3CX) | 60–100 | m³ per machine per day | 1 operator | Plus dumpers |
| Backfilling with compaction | 5.0–7.0 | m³ per labourer per day | 1 labourer + manual rammer | — |
Notes
• These are CPWD norms — contractor productivity is often ±30% in either direction
• Productivity drops ~25% in monsoon, ~15% in extreme heat (>40°C), ~20% in night work
• Always add 10–15% supervision overhead when computing crew sizes
• First day on a new task: expect 60–70% of normal output (learning curve)
• Output goes up 20–30% in repetitive work (e.g., 50+ identical floors)
• Don't size crews from output alone — also check the working area / front available
• For heavy industrial work, refer to RCD/IOC/NTPC norms — these are typically lower than CPWD
• Use these for offer preparation; for actuals, log site productivity weekly and recalibrate
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