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IS 12077 : 1987Code of practice for testing of timbers for plywood manufacture

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ISO 24294 · EN 314-1 · AS/NZS 2098.2
CurrentSpecializedTesting MethodMaterials Science · Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products
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OverviewValues4InternationalTablesFAQ4Related

IS 12077:1987 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for testing of timbers for plywood manufacture. This standard outlines the code of practice for testing and evaluating the suitability of different timber species for plywood manufacturing. It covers the entire process from log selection, peeling, veneer drying, and gluing to the final testing of the produced plywood panels to determine their properties and grade.

Code of practice for testing of timbers for plywood manufacture

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Materials Science — Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products
Type
Testing Method
International equivalents
ISO 24294:2020 · ISO (International Organization for Standardization), InternationalEN 314-1:2004 · CEN (European Committee for Standardization), EuropeAS/NZS 2098.2:2006 · Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand, Australia/New ZealandASTM D3043-17 · ASTM International, USA
Typically used with
IS 303IS 1734IS 848IS 710
Also on InfraLens for IS 12077
4Key values2Tables4FAQs
Practical Notes
! The primary goal is to assess a timber species' behavior during peeling (smoothness, splitting), drying (shrinkage, warping), and gluing, not just the final strength.
! Results from this code are used to classify a new timber species' suitability against known species used in the plywood industry.
! Proper log conditioning (heating in water) as per Clause 3.3 is critical for obtaining good quality veneer and directly impacts the test outcome.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 3Selection and Preparation of Test LogsCl. 4Peeling TrialsCl. 5Veneer Drying and GluingCl. 6Testing of PlywoodAnnex A - Form for Recording Data and ResultsAnnex B - Tentative Classification of Timbers
Pulled from IS 12077:1987. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
timberwoodveneerplywoodadhesives

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
ISO 24294:2020ISO (International Organization for Standardization), International
HighCurrent
Wood — Determination of suitability of a species of wood for the manufacture of plywood
Nearly identical scope, covering log selection, peeling, drying, gluing, and testing to assess a timber species' suitability.
EN 314-1:2004CEN (European Committee for Standardization), Europe
MediumCurrent
Plywood - Bonding quality - Part 1: Test methods
Covers the glue bond testing portion of IS 12077, providing detailed methods for shear and bond durability tests.
AS/NZS 2098.2:2006Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand, Australia/New Zealand
MediumCurrent
Methods of test for veneer and plywood - Method 2: Bond quality of plywood (chisel, re-dry, and boil tests)
Focuses specifically on testing bond quality, which is a major component of the overall suitability assessment in IS 12077.
ASTM D3043-17ASTM International, USA
LowCurrent
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Flexure
Corresponds to testing the final panel's mechanical properties, one of the end-stage evaluation steps in IS 12077.
Key Differences
≠IS 12077 is a single, comprehensive 'code of practice', whereas modern international systems (EN, ASTM) typically use a series of separate, more focused standards for bonding, mechanical properties, and surface quality.
≠The Indian standard (1987) includes qualitative tests like the 'Knife Test' as a primary assessment of bond quality, while modern standards like EN 314-1 and ISO 24294 prioritize quantitative, instrumented shear tests for higher reproducibility.
≠IS 12077 provides prescriptive temperature ranges for log conditioning based on wood density, whereas ISO 24294 is less prescriptive, requiring the chosen appropriate temperature to be recorded.
≠The classification outcome in IS 12077 is a broad suitability grouping, while ISO 24294 requires more detailed quantitative reporting on parameters like veneer recovery, shrinkage, and bond strength, allowing for a more granular comparison between species.
Key Similarities
≈The fundamental objective across all standards is to determine the suitability of a wood species for plywood production through a series of practical trials.
≈All standards follow a similar logical process: log assessment, veneer manufacturing trials (peeling), veneer drying, glue trials, and destructive testing of the resulting plywood panels.
≈The quality of the peeled veneer, specifically its smoothness, thickness uniformity, and the presence of lathe checks, is a critical evaluation criterion in both IS 12077 and its international counterparts.
≈Significant emphasis is placed on evaluating the glue bond integrity in all comparable standards, using water-soaking or boiling tests to simulate weathering and determine bond durability.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Glue Bond Test (Exterior)Boiling Water Resistance (BWR) Test: 8h boil, 16h drying (60°C), 8h boil, then test wet.Class 3 Test: 4h boil, 16-20h drying (60°C), 4h boil, then test wet.EN 314-1:2004
Tensile Shear Test Specimen (Glue Bond)Overall size 82.5 x 25 mm with a test area of 6.25 cm².Overall size 100 x 25 mm, with notches creating a 25 x 25 mm shear area.EN 314-1 / ISO 24294
Qualitative Bond AssessmentKnife Test: A primary method where a knife is used to pry veneers apart and assess failure type.Chisel Test: A similar concept used mainly for factory production control, not as the primary standard test method.AS/NZS 2098.2
Log Conditioning GuidancePrescriptive temperature ranges based on wood density (e.g., 65-80°C for wood >700 kg/m³).Not specified; procedure must be 'appropriate for the species' and recorded.ISO 24294:2020
Veneer Thickness MeasurementMeasure with a dial gauge to an accuracy of 0.01 mm.Measure to nearest 0.01 mm with a micrometer having a specified anvil diameter and pressure.ISO 24294:2020
Final Suitability ClassificationClassified into groups: Very suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, not suitable.No formal classification; provides a detailed report of test results for the user to interpret suitability.ISO 24294:2020
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values4

Quick Reference Values
Typical Veneer Thickness for Testing1.5 mm
Typical Veneer Moisture Content before Gluing6 - 12 %
Typical Hot Press Temperature140 - 150 °C
Typical Hot Press Specific Pressure1.4 - 1.7 N/mm²

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 Data to be Recorded on Logs
Table in Annex B - Classification of Timbers based on Peeling and other Characteristics
Key Clauses
Clause 3 - Selection and Preparation of Test Logs
Clause 4 - Peeling Trials
Clause 5 - Veneer Drying and Gluing
Clause 6 - Testing of Plywood
Annex A - Form for Recording Data and Results
Annex B - Tentative Classification of Timbers

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 303:1989Plywood for General Purposes - Specification
→
IS 1734:2000Methods of test for plywood
→
IS 848:2006Specification for Synthetic Resin Adhesives f...
→
IS 710:2010Marine Plywood - Specification
→

Frequently Asked Questions4

What is the main purpose of this code?+
To provide a standard procedure for determining if a species of timber is suitable for making plywood, and to classify its properties for this purpose (Clause 1).
What is a key test performed on the final plywood sample?+
The glue shear strength test is a critical evaluation of the adhesive bond quality, performed as per IS 1734 (Clause 6.2).
Does this code specify the final grade of the plywood?+
No, it provides the testing method to generate data on the timber's suitability. Final plywood grading is done according to other standards like IS 303 (General Purpose) or IS 710 (Marine).
What characteristics are observed during veneer peeling?+
Key observations include smoothness of veneer surface, tightness (presence of splits), colour, and any processing difficulties (Clause 4.3).

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