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Rural Water Supply Calculator — JJM Scheme Sizer

From village population to total project cost — 30-year design, 55 LPCD, FHTCs, tube well, ESR, rounded cost estimate.

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The Jal Jeevan Mission is the largest rural water supply programme in history — ₹3.6 lakh crore, 19 crore functional household tap connections (FHTCs), 100% coverage target. This calculator runs the standard design formula for a single-village scheme from the village population to the total project cost, following CPHEEO Chapter 14 and BIS 1172:2012 standards.

The JJM design basis: 55 LPCD (upgraded from the older CPHEEO value of 40 LPCD to reflect modern rural standards of living), peak factor 3.0 (rural usage concentrates in morning/evening hours more than urban), FHTC inside every household premise. Tube wells with 12-hour pumping capacity are standard; ESRs sized at 1/3 of daily demand for balancing; solar pumping increasingly common.

Based on the CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment, published by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India.

What this calculator computes

  • 30-year design population (base × growth factor)
  • Design daily demand (m³/day at 55 LPCD × design population)
  • Number of FHTCs (design population ÷ persons per household)
  • Required tube well yield (m³/hr assuming 12-hour daily pumping)
  • ESR capacity (1/3 of daily demand for balancing)
  • Total project cost estimate (FHTC count × unit cost)

Calculator

Rural JJM Scheme Sizer — FHTC, Tube Well, ESR, Cost

Size a rural water supply scheme under Jal Jeevan Mission — 55 LPCD design, peak factor 3.0, FHTC count, tube well yield, ESR, and project cost.

Inputs
Current village populationpersons
30-year growth factor×
1.5-2.0 typical for rural growth
LPCD (JJM)LPCD
BIS 1172:2012 / JJM standard
Persons per household
Peak factor×
Rural peak = 3.0 (concentrated usage)
Tube well pumping hrs/dayhr
Cost per FHTC
JJM average ₹18,000-25,000 per FHTC
Outputs
30-year design population
3,000persons
P = P₀ × growth factor
Design daily demand
165.0m³/day
Q = P × LPCD / 1000
Number of FHTCs
600connections
FHTC = P / persons-per-HH
Required tube well yield
13.8m³/hr
Q_well = daily flow / pumping hours
ESR capacity (1/3 daily)
55
V = daily / 3
Project cost estimate
1.20e+7
Cost ≈ FHTC × unit cost
Funded 90% JJM + 10% community
Project cost
120.00₹ lakh
CPHEEO Reference Values
Rural LPCD (JJM)55 (BIS 1172:2012)
Single Village Scheme population< 10,000
Multi-Village Scheme> 10,000
Average cost per FHTC₹18,000 – ₹25,000
Funding split90% JJM + 10% community
Download the Excel version to keep a local copy with live formulas — change inputs in the sheet and outputs recompute automatically.

How to use the inputs

  • Village population from latest census or PIB (Panchayati Raj) data
  • 30-year growth factor: 1.5-2.0 for most Indian villages; 2.0-3.0 near metros where peri-urban pressure is high
  • LPCD = 55 per JJM (don't reduce; don't increase without justification)
  • Household size: 5 is the Indian rural average per 2011 census
  • Peak factor: 3.0 rural (usage concentrates in morning/evening)
  • Pumping hours: 12 is standard; 8-10 for very high-yield wells; 16-20 if the well is weak
  • Cost per FHTC: ₹18,000-25,000 typical per JJM averages; verify with recent district awards

Worked example

Worked example — 2000-person village
Base population 2000, growth factor 1.5 (modest rural growth), LPCD 55, 5 persons per household, peak factor 3.0, 12-hour pumping, cost ₹20,000 per FHTC. Design population = 2000 × 1.5 = 3000. Daily flow = 3000 × 55 / 1000 = 165 m³/day. FHTCs = 3000 / 5 = 600 connections. Tube well yield = 165 / 12 = 13.75 m³/hr — a single tube well with 5 HP pump suffices. ESR capacity = 165 / 3 = 55 m³ — standard 60 m³ precast RCC ESR. Total cost estimate = 600 × 20,000 = ₹120 lakh = ₹1.2 crore. Funded 90% JJM (₹1.08 crore) + 10% community (₹12 lakh).

Interpreting the results

Tube well yield tells you the pump capacity. For < 20 m³/hr, a 5-10 HP pump suffices (standard village-scale). For > 30 m³/hr you may need multiple tube wells or a deeper well.

ESR capacity at 55 m³ is small — a 60 m³ precast ESR is the standard JJM unit (10-20 lakh). For larger villages or multi-village schemes, step up to 100 or 200 m³.

The cost estimate is approximate — actual varies with source distance (long transmission adds cost), terrain (rocky vs alluvial), distribution network density, treatment needs (fluoride, arsenic, iron). Use this for planning; get competitive quotes for procurement.

FAQs — using this calculator

What if my village needs treatment (fluoride, arsenic, iron)?
Add treatment cost on top: defluoridation (activated alumina) ₹2-5 lakh per 100 m³/day capacity; arsenic removal (iron co-precipitation) ₹1-3 lakh; iron/manganese aeration-filtration ₹1-2 lakh. For endemic zones (Andhra Pradesh fluoride, West Bengal arsenic, eastern India iron), these are unavoidable. Test water quality before commissioning the scheme.
Can solar pumping replace grid electricity?
Increasingly yes, for schemes < 20 m³/hr. Solar pump (5-20 HP) + panels + battery backup: ₹5-20 lakh per installation. Eliminates grid dependency — valuable in remote villages. Payback via avoided electricity cost + diesel backup savings: 3-6 years. JJM encourages solar for suitable geographies.
Single-village vs multi-village — when to switch?
Multi-village scheme (MVS) makes sense when: (1) a single village source is inadequate for nearby hamlets, (2) a common surface or deep groundwater source can serve 5-20 villages more economically, (3) geographic proximity allows shared transmission. MVSs cost 2-5x SVS but serve multiple villages. Typical MVS: ₹10-50 crore serving 10-20 villages with 30,000-80,000 population.
Who operates the scheme after construction?
Village Water Supply and Sanitation Committee (VWSSC), also known as Paani Samiti — an elected community body. Responsible for daily operation, minor repairs, meter readings, tariff collection, water quality monitoring, pump maintenance. State PHED trains the committee and provides second-level technical support. Sustainability of JJM schemes depends entirely on committee strength.
What tariff do rural households pay?
₹50-200/household/month typical, covering O&M (pump electricity, chlorine, repairs, operator honorarium). Capital is 100% JJM + community 10% up-front. Affordable for most families — the alternative (hand pump + manual fetching by women) costs much more in time and health. Willingness to pay increases dramatically with 24-hour FHTC vs intermittent supply.
Is 55 LPCD really enough?
Yes, for basic rural needs: 25 L drinking/cooking + 15 L bathing + 10 L clothes + 5 L cattle = 55 LPCD. This matches BIS 1172:2012 standards and WHO minimum for dignified living. Urban 135 LPCD includes higher hygiene standards, garden watering, personal vehicle washing etc. Rural households consume closer to 55 LPCD even when supply is plentiful.

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