STRUCTURAL

Shear Force

Internal force acting transverse to the member axis; governs stirrup design

Also calledsfshear force diagramsfdtransverse shear
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Definition

Shear force is the internal force acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a member, equal to the algebraic sum of all transverse forces on one side of a section, in kN. The shear force diagram (SFD) plots it along the span; shear is maximum near supports where the SFD peaks.

In RCC design (IS 456 Cl. 40) the nominal shear stress τv = Vu / (b·d) is compared with the design shear strength of concrete τc (Table 19, a function of grade and tension-steel percentage). If τv ≤ τc, only minimum shear reinforcement is needed; if τc < τv ≤ τc,max, shear stirrups are designed for the excess Vus = Vu − τc·b·d using Asv = Vus·sv / (0.87 fy d). If τv exceeds τc,max the section must be enlarged. The critical section for shear is taken at distance d from the support face for members with compressive support reaction.

Where used
  • Stirrup / shear-link design in beams (IS 456 Cl. 40)
  • Punching-shear check of flat slabs + footings (IS 456 Cl. 31.6)
  • Steel section shear capacity (IS 800 Cl. 8.4)
  • Shear-wall + deep-beam design
  • Locating bent-up bars + stirrup spacing zones
Acceptance / threshold
τv = Vu/(b·d) must not exceed τc,max from IS 456 Table 20 (e.g. 3.5 MPa for M30). Minimum shear reinforcement (Cl. 26.5.1.6) is mandatory wherever τv exceeds 0.5 τc.
Frequently asked
Where is shear force maximum in a beam?
Shear force is maximum at the supports. For a simply supported beam with UDL w over span L it equals wL/2 at each support and zero at mid-span.
What if nominal shear stress exceeds τc,max?
Per IS 456 Cl. 40.2.3 you cannot solve it with more stirrups — the section dimensions (depth or width) or concrete grade must be increased so τv falls below τc,max.
Related terms