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IS 14860 : 2000Guidelines on Fuel Saving in Vertical Mixed-feed Lime Shaft Kilns

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CurrentSpecializedGuidelinesMaterials Science · Building Limes and Gypsum Products
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OverviewValues7InternationalTablesFAQ4Related

IS 14860:2000 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for guidelines on fuel saving in vertical mixed-feed lime shaft kilns. This standard provides guidelines for conserving fuel in vertical mixed-feed lime shaft kilns. It covers the selection and preparation of raw materials and fuel, optimal operational parameters, and design aspects of the kiln to maximize thermal efficiency. The primary objective is to reduce energy consumption per unit of lime produced.

Guidelines on Fuel Saving in Vertical Mixed-feed Lime Shaft Kilns

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Materials Science — Building Limes and Gypsum Products
Type
Guidelines
Typically used with
IS 712IS 15401
Also on InfraLens for IS 14860
7Key values2Tables4FAQs
Practical Notes
! Maintaining a uniform size ratio between limestone and fuel is critical for even heat distribution and preventing segregation in the kiln.
! The ash fusion temperature of the fuel must be higher than the maximum operating temperature of the kiln to prevent the formation of clinker, which obstructs the flow of material.
! Regular monitoring of flue gas composition (O2, CO, CO2) and temperature is the most effective way to control the combustion process and optimize the air-to-fuel ratio.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 4Raw Materials (Limestone)Cl. 5FuelCl. 6Operational ParametersCl. 7Kiln Design and Construction AspectsAnnex A - Sample Calculation for Heat Balance
Pulled from IS 14860:2000. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
limelimestonecoalcokefuel

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
Key Differences
Key Similarities
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values7

Quick Reference Values
Recommended Limestone Size40 mm to 80 mm
Desirable CaO content in Limestone> 90%
Maximum Sulphur in Fuel< 1.0 %
Ideal Calorific Value of Fuel (Coke)6500 to 7000 kcal/kg
Target Thermal Efficiency70-85 %
Typical Limestone to Fuel Ratio (by mass)8:1 to 10:1
Optimal Flue Gas Temperature150-250 °C
Key Formulas
Thermal Efficiency (%) = (Heat utilized for calcination / Total heat supplied by fuel) x 100

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 - Recommended Chemical and Physical Properties of Limestone
Table 2 - Typical Characteristics of Solid Fuels for Lime Kilns
Key Clauses
Clause 4 - Raw Materials (Limestone)
Clause 5 - Fuel
Clause 6 - Operational Parameters
Clause 7 - Kiln Design and Construction Aspects
Annex A - Sample Calculation for Heat Balance

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 712:1984Building Limes - Specification
→
IS 15401:2003Wall Coverings in Roll Form - Vocabulary and ...
→

Frequently Asked Questions4

What is the recommended size for limestone to be used in the kiln?+
A narrow size range, typically between 40 mm and 80 mm, is recommended for uniform calcination and permeability (Clause 4.1.2).
What is a key consideration for fuel selection besides calorific value?+
Low ash and sulphur content are critical. The ash should have a high fusion temperature to avoid clinker formation (Clause 5).
How can heat loss from the discharged lime be minimized?+
By using the heat from the hot lime in the cooling zone to preheat the combustion air drawn from the bottom of the kiln (Clause 6.4.1).
What is the typical ratio of limestone to fuel?+
The ratio varies based on fuel quality and limestone purity, but a typical range is 8:1 to 10:1 by mass.

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