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IS 14860:2000 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for guidelines on fuel saving in vertical mixed-feed lime shaft kilns. This standard provides guidelines for conserving fuel in vertical mixed-feed lime shaft kilns. It covers the selection and preparation of raw materials and fuel, optimal operational parameters, and design aspects of the kiln to maximize thermal efficiency. The primary objective is to reduce energy consumption per unit of lime produced.
Guidelines on Fuel Saving in Vertical Mixed-feed Lime Shaft Kilns
Overview
Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Materials Science — Building Limes and Gypsum Products
! Maintaining a uniform size ratio between limestone and fuel is critical for even heat distribution and preventing segregation in the kiln.
! The ash fusion temperature of the fuel must be higher than the maximum operating temperature of the kiln to prevent the formation of clinker, which obstructs the flow of material.
! Regular monitoring of flue gas composition (O2, CO, CO2) and temperature is the most effective way to control the combustion process and optimize the air-to-fuel ratio.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 4Raw Materials (Limestone)
Cl. 5Fuel
Cl. 6Operational Parameters
Cl. 7Kiln Design and Construction Aspects
Annex A - Sample Calculation for Heat Balance
limelimestonecoalcokefuel
International Equivalents
Similar International Standards
Key Differences
Key Similarities
Parameter Comparison
Parameter
IS Value
International
Source
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use
Key Values7
Quick Reference Values
Recommended Limestone Size40 mm to 80 mm
Desirable CaO content in Limestone> 90%
Maximum Sulphur in Fuel< 1.0 %
Ideal Calorific Value of Fuel (Coke)6500 to 7000 kcal/kg
Target Thermal Efficiency70-85 %
Typical Limestone to Fuel Ratio (by mass)8:1 to 10:1
Optimal Flue Gas Temperature150-250 °C
Key Formulas
Thermal Efficiency (%) = (Heat utilized for calcination / Total heat supplied by fuel) x 100
Tables & Referenced Sections
Key Tables
Table 1 - Recommended Chemical and Physical Properties of Limestone
Table 2 - Typical Characteristics of Solid Fuels for Lime Kilns