Fly Ash Brick / Block
Fly ash + lime + gypsum brick. Eco-friendly alternative to clay brick.
Fly ash bricks are masonry bricks made from fly ash + lime + gypsum + water, formed by hydraulic press, and cured. Per IS 12894:2002, fly ash bricks have higher compressive strength (10-15 MPa vs 7 MPa for Class A burnt clay), lower water absorption (<15% vs 20%), and lower density (1500-1700 kg/m³ vs 1700-1900) than common burnt clay bricks. Major Indian fly ash brick manufacturers: ACC, Ambuja, FAB Industries, regional manufacturers.
Key IS 12894 specifications: (1) Compressive strength — minimum 10 MPa (Class A) or 15 MPa (Class B). (2) Water absorption ≤ 15% (24-hour). (3) Drying shrinkage ≤ 0.15%. (4) Standard size — 230 × 110 × 70 mm (matching traditional brick); modular 190 × 90 × 90. (5) Density 1500-1700 kg/m³. Manufacturing: fly ash (60-70%) + slaked lime (10%) + gypsum (5-10%) + sand (10-15%) + water; mixed and pressed at 200-300 bar; steam-cured 8-10 hours at 70°C. Service life: 50+ years; superior to burnt clay in marine and industrial environments.
Indian use: dominant in modern metropolitan construction (Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad) due to: (a) consistent quality; (b) lower cost vs imported alternatives; (c) better dimensional accuracy; (d) sustainable use of fly ash by-product. Government programmes (e.g., Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana) increasingly mandate fly ash bricks. Cost: typically 5-15% more than burnt clay brick; cost-effective due to higher strength + lower wastage in masonry construction.
- Modern residential and commercial masonry walls
- Government housing schemes (PMAY, etc.)
- Industrial and warehouse construction
- Coastal and marine masonry
- Modular and prefabricated wall panels