MATERIALS

Fly Ash Brick / Block

Fly ash + lime + gypsum brick. Eco-friendly alternative to clay brick.

Also calledfly ash brickfly ash blockfal-glime fly ashfly ash mortar
Related on InfraLens
Definition

Fly ash bricks are masonry bricks made from fly ash + lime + gypsum + water, formed by hydraulic press, and cured. Per IS 12894:2002, fly ash bricks have higher compressive strength (10-15 MPa vs 7 MPa for Class A burnt clay), lower water absorption (<15% vs 20%), and lower density (1500-1700 kg/m³ vs 1700-1900) than common burnt clay bricks. Major Indian fly ash brick manufacturers: ACC, Ambuja, FAB Industries, regional manufacturers.

Key IS 12894 specifications: (1) Compressive strength — minimum 10 MPa (Class A) or 15 MPa (Class B). (2) Water absorption ≤ 15% (24-hour). (3) Drying shrinkage ≤ 0.15%. (4) Standard size — 230 × 110 × 70 mm (matching traditional brick); modular 190 × 90 × 90. (5) Density 1500-1700 kg/m³. Manufacturing: fly ash (60-70%) + slaked lime (10%) + gypsum (5-10%) + sand (10-15%) + water; mixed and pressed at 200-300 bar; steam-cured 8-10 hours at 70°C. Service life: 50+ years; superior to burnt clay in marine and industrial environments.

Indian use: dominant in modern metropolitan construction (Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad) due to: (a) consistent quality; (b) lower cost vs imported alternatives; (c) better dimensional accuracy; (d) sustainable use of fly ash by-product. Government programmes (e.g., Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana) increasingly mandate fly ash bricks. Cost: typically 5-15% more than burnt clay brick; cost-effective due to higher strength + lower wastage in masonry construction.

Where used
  • Modern residential and commercial masonry walls
  • Government housing schemes (PMAY, etc.)
  • Industrial and warehouse construction
  • Coastal and marine masonry
  • Modular and prefabricated wall panels
Acceptance / threshold
Per IS 12894:2002: compressive strength minimum 10 MPa (Class A) or 15 MPa (Class B); water absorption ≤ 15%; drying shrinkage ≤ 0.15%; dimensional tolerance ±2 mm; visual inspection.
Frequently asked
What is fly ash brick?
Fly ash bricks are masonry bricks made from fly ash + lime + gypsum + water, formed by hydraulic press, and steam-cured. Per IS 12894:2002. Higher compressive strength (10-15 MPa vs 7 MPa for Class A burnt clay), lower water absorption, lower density. Increasingly dominant in modern Indian metropolitan construction.
What is the difference between fly ash brick and clay brick?
Fly ash brick: 60-70% fly ash + lime + gypsum; pressed and steam-cured. Higher strength (10-15 MPa), lower water absorption (<15%), lower density (1500-1700 kg/m³), longer service life. Clay brick: clay + sand fired at 1000°C. Lower strength (5-7 MPa Class B/C), higher water absorption (20%), heavier density (1700-1900 kg/m³). Fly ash brick is more sustainable (uses by-product), more consistent quality.
Are fly ash bricks more expensive than clay bricks?
Per piece: fly ash bricks cost 5-15% more than common burnt clay bricks. However, total wall cost is often lower because: (1) Lower wastage during masonry (better dimensional accuracy); (2) Less mortar consumption (smoother surface); (3) Faster construction (consistent dimensions); (4) Higher strength allows thinner walls. Net wall cost typically 0-10% more than clay brick alternative.
Related materials terms