Similar International Standards
AWWA C208-17American Water Works Association (AWWA), USA
HighCurrent
Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings
Covers the fabrication and dimensions of the internal steel fittings (bends, tees, etc.) that form the core of the concrete-encased specials.
AWWA C300-18American Water Works Association (AWWA), USA
MediumCurrent
Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe, Steel-Cylinder Type
Defines the pipe standard for which the specials are made, with its design principles for materials, reinforcement, and pressure resistance being directly applicable to the specials.
AWWA M9American Water Works Association (AWWA), USA
HighCurrent
Manual of Water Supply Practices, M9: Concrete Pressure Pipe
A comprehensive manual providing detailed design, manufacturing, and installation guidance for concrete pressure pipes and their associated fittings (specials).
Key Differences
≠IS 7322 is a dedicated, self-contained standard for specials, whereas the AWWA system relies on a combination of standards (e.g., AWWA C208 for the steel core, AWWA C300 for design principles) and a detailed manual of practice (AWWA M9) for comprehensive guidance.
≠Material specifications in IS 7322 reference Indian Standards (e.g., IS 2062 for steel, IS 269 for cement), while AWWA standards reference American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards (e.g., ASTM A283 for steel, ASTM C150 for cement).
≠IS 7322 specifies a hydrostatic proof test pressure as a simple factor (1.5 times design pressure). AWWA standards (like C300 for pipes) use a performance-based test where the pressure induces a specific percentage (e.g., 75%) of the steel cylinder's minimum yield strength.
≠IS 7322 specifies a fixed list of pressure classes for specials (e.g., 6, 8, 10, 12 kgf/cm²), while AWWA fittings are typically custom-designed to the specific pressure and external load requirements of a project, offering greater design flexibility.
Key Similarities
≈The fundamental construction is identical, comprising a welded steel core (cylinder and fitting), joint rings, a cage of steel reinforcement, all encased in a monolithic placement of concrete.
≈Both standards cover the same primary types of fittings essential for pipeline layouts, including bends, tees, tapers (reducers), and bifurcations (wyes).
≈The joint design philosophy is the same, utilizing a steel bell and spigot ring with a confined rubber O-ring gasket to create a flexible, watertight seal compatible with the connecting pipes.
≈The composite design principle is a core similarity, where the steel cylinder resists internal pressure and ensures water-tightness, while the concrete and reinforcement provide structural rigidity, handle external loads, and protect the steel from corrosion.