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IS 620 : 1985Wooden Tool Handles General Requirements

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DIN 68340 · DIN 5131 · ANSI B107.410
CurrentRareSpecificationMaterials Science · Timber and Timber Stores
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Link points to Internet Archive / others. Not hosted by InfraLens. Details
OverviewValues2InternationalTablesFAQ3Related

IS 620:1985 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for wooden tool handles general requirements. This standard lays down the general requirements for wooden tool handles, including the selection of suitable timber species, moisture content, permissible defects, and manufacturing guidelines. It is used by tool manufacturers, suppliers, and quality inspectors to ensure the safety, ergonomic quality, and durability of hand tools.

Wooden Tool Handles General Requirements

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Rare
Domain
Materials Science — Timber and Timber Stores
Type
Specification
International equivalents
DIN 68340:2009-08 · DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung), GermanyDIN 5131:1986-06 · DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung), GermanyANSI B107.410-2018 · ANSI (American National Standards Institute), USA
Typically used with
IS 287IS 401IS 1141IS 1708
Also on InfraLens for IS 620
2Key values1Tables3FAQs
Practical Notes
! Ensure the moisture content is balanced to the local environment before fitting; wood shrinkage causes dangerous loose fits in the tool head.
! Pay strict attention to grain orientation. Handles with excessive slope of grain or cross grain are highly prone to sudden snapping under impact loads.
! Preservative treatments (as per IS 401) should be applied to prevent termite or fungal attack if the handles are to be stored for extended periods.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 4Species of TimberCl. 5Moisture ContentCl. 6Permissible DefectsCl. 7ManufactureCl. 8Preservation
Pulled from IS 620:1985. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
timberwoodhardwood

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
DIN 68340:2009-08DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung), Germany
HighCurrent
Gütebedingungen für Stielhölzer (Quality conditions for handle wood)
Specifies quality requirements, grading, and testing for wood used for handles, very similar to IS 620's intent.
BS 3823:1990BSI (British Standards Institution), UK
HighWithdrawn
Specification for grading of ash and hickory for and specification for handles for hand tools
Covered the grading of specific high-quality woods (Ash, Hickory) and requirements for tool handles made from them.
DIN 5131:1986-06DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung), Germany
MediumCurrent
Stiele aus Hickoryholz für Schlagwerkzeuge (Handles of hickory wood for striking tools)
Focuses specifically on hickory handles for striking tools, a subset of the scope of IS 620.
ANSI B107.410-2018ANSI (American National Standards Institute), USA
LowCurrent
Hammers and Mallets - Safety Requirements
Specifies performance and safety tests for the finished tool, including handle integrity, rather than prescribing material properties.
Key Differences
≠IS 620 permits a wide range of indigenous Indian timbers (e.g., Sal, Mango, Teak) alongside international species. International standards like DIN 5131 or BS 3823 focus almost exclusively on high-performance species like Hickory and Ash.
≠International standards like DIN 68340 provide a detailed grading system (e.g., Classes E, S, A, B) with varying levels of permissible defects and grain slope. IS 620 has a more monolithic set of requirements without such granular quality grades.
≠The requirements for slope of grain are generally more stringent in high-grade international standards. For example, DIN 68340 Class E requires a slope not steeper than 1 in 40, whereas IS 620 specifies a more lenient 1 in 25 for striking tool handles.
≠US standards (e.g., ANSI B107.410) are increasingly performance-based, specifying tests for handle-head adhesion, overstrike durability, and impact resistance, whereas IS 620 is prescriptive, focusing on material and manufacturing requirements to achieve quality.
Key Similarities
≈All standards emphasize the critical importance of straight grain and correct orientation of the grain parallel to the major axis of stress, especially for striking tools, to maximize strength and user safety.
≈There is a universal requirement across all standards for handles to be free from major strength-reducing defects such as decay, insect damage, splits, cross-grain, and large or unsound knots.
≈All standards recognize the importance of using seasoned wood and specify a target moisture content range (typically 10-15%) to ensure dimensional stability and prevent the handle from loosening in the tool head.
≈A smooth, splinter-free surface finish is a common requirement in all standards to ensure user comfort and prevent hand injuries.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Permissible Timber SpeciesAsh, Hickory, Axlewood, Mango, Sal, Teak, etc.Primarily Hickory (Carya spp.) and Ash (Fraxinus spp.)BS 3823 / DIN 5131
Moisture Content12% to 15%12% ± 3% (i.e., 9% to 15%)DIN 68340
Slope of Grain (Highest Grade)Not steeper than 1 in 25 (for striking tools)Not steeper than 1 in 40 (Class E)DIN 68340
Permissible Knots (Highest Grade)Sound knots up to 5 mm may be permitted in specified zones.Not permitted (Class E)DIN 68340
Handle FinishMay be varnished, lacquered or wax polished.Unless otherwise specified, shall be left clean and unfinished.BS 3823:1990
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values2

Quick Reference Values
moisture content limitNormally between 10% to 15% (must conform to IS 287 zones)
maximum slope of grain1 in 15 for impact tool handles

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 - Suitable Indian Timbers for Various Classes of Tool Handles
Key Clauses
Clause 4 - Species of Timber
Clause 5 - Moisture Content
Clause 6 - Permissible Defects
Clause 7 - Manufacture
Clause 8 - Preservation

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 287:2022Code of Practice for Design of Timber Structu...
→
IS 401:2001Code of Practice for Preservation of Timber
→
IS 1141:1993Seasoning of timber- Code of practice
→
IS 1708:2014Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of T...
→

Frequently Asked Questions3

What types of defects are strictly prohibited in wooden tool handles?+
Decay, cross grain, dead knots, insect borings, and deep splits are strictly prohibited as they severely compromise the handle's structural integrity.
What is the prescribed moisture content for timber tool handles?+
It typically ranges from 10% to 15%, and the exact value must conform to the specific climatic zone requirements outlined in IS 287.
How is the timber categorized for different tools?+
Timber is categorized into different classes (e.g., Class I to Class V) based on its strength, shock resistance, and suitability for specific tools like hammers, axes, or shovels.

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