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IS 14275:1995 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for laminated veneer lumber (lvl) for structural purposes - specification. This standard specifies the requirements for Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) intended for structural applications. It covers the materials, manufacturing process, dimensions, physical and mechanical properties, testing procedures, and marking for quality assurance.
Specifies the requirements for Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) intended for structural applications, covering dimensions, properties, and testing.
BIM-relevant code. See the BIM Hub for ISO 19650, IFC, and LOD/LOIN frameworks used alongside it.
Practical Notes
! LVL strength is directional. Ensure the 'parallel to grain' orientation aligns with the primary stress direction (e.g., along the length of a beam).
! For any application with potential exposure to moisture or weather, verify that WBP (Weather and Boil Proof) type adhesive was used during manufacturing.
! Although more dimensionally stable than solid timber, LVL still requires proper storage and protection from direct water contact on site to prevent swelling and delamination.
Defines requirements and test methods for structural LVL used in construction, integrated with the Eurocode system.
AS/NZS 4357.0:2005Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand, Australia/New Zealand
HighCurrent
Structural laminated veneer lumber - Part 0: Specifications
Provides specifications for manufacturing, grading, and performance of structural LVL in Australia and New Zealand.
JAS 1152:2021Japanese Agricultural Standard, Japan
MediumCurrent
Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber
Specifies quality standards and test methods for structural LVL in the Japanese market, with some unique grading.
Key Differences
≠IS 14275 uses a simple two-grade system (Grade I, Grade II) based on minimum average bending stress, whereas international standards like EN 14374 and AS/NZS 4357 use comprehensive strength class systems tied to characteristic (5th percentile) properties for multiple engineering values.
≠The Indian standard is prescriptive about adhesive, specifying Phenol Formaldehyde (PF), while modern standards (e.g., EN 14374 referencing EN 301) are performance-based, allowing any adhesive that meets specified bond durability and strength requirements for different service classes.
≠IS 14275 lists specific permissible Indian wood species. In contrast, standards like ASTM D5456 are species-agnostic, focusing on performance-based qualification, allowing any wood species that can meet the rigorous testing requirements.
≠International standards mandate a more rigorous framework for third-party quality control, including initial plant qualification and continuous auditing, which is more detailed and stringent than the quality control scheme outlined in the 1995 Indian standard.
Key Similarities
≈All standards are fundamentally based on the same product concept: an engineered wood product made from graded veneers bonded with a structural adhesive, with the grain of most veneers oriented in the same longitudinal direction.
≈There is a common emphasis on verifying flexural properties (Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity) as the primary performance indicators, with broadly similar test configurations like four-point bending tests.
≈All standards mandate rigorous testing of the adhesive bond quality, typically involving accelerated aging or weathering cycles (e.g., boil-dry or pressure-soak tests) to check for delamination and ensure long-term durability.
≈All standards specify requirements for controlling physical characteristics such as dimensional tolerances, moisture content at the time of manufacture, and density, as these are critical for predictable structural performance.
Parameter Comparison
Parameter
IS Value
International
Source
Maximum Veneer Thickness
Shall not exceed 5.0 mm
Shall not exceed 6.0 mm
EN 14374:2004
Adhesive Type Specification
Prescriptive: Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin of BWP type.
Performance-based: Must conform to EN 301 Type I (e.g., PF, MUF, PRF).
EN 14374:2004
Bond Quality (Delamination Test)
Max 5% delamination on any single glue line after boil-dry-boil test.
Max 5% delamination on any single glueline for exterior bonds after cyclic delamination test (e.g., ASTM D2559).
ASTM D5456-21b
Moisture Content Range
5% to 15%
8% to 15% (for average moisture content)
AS/NZS 4357.0:2005
Bending Strength (MOR) Basis
Grade I: ≥ 50 MPa (Minimum average value)
e.g., 48 MPa (Characteristic 5th percentile value for a common grade); methodology differs from IS mean value.
EN 14374:2004
Thickness Tolerance (for >25mm thick LVL)
± 1.0 mm
± 1.0 mm or ± 0.04T (whichever is smaller). For a 40mm piece, this is ±1.0mm.
EN 14374:2004
Bending MOE
Grade I: ≥ 10,000 MPa (Minimum average value)
e.g., 12,000 MPa (Mean value for a common grade); characteristic values are also specified.
EN 14374:2004
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use
Key Values6
Quick Reference Values
Adhesive TypeWeather and Boil Proof (WBP) type synthetic resin (e.g., Phenol Formaldehyde)
Maximum Moisture Content15 %
Minimum Glue Line Shear Strength (Dry State)4.0 N/mm²
Veneer Thickness Range1.5 mm to 4.8 mm
Minimum Bending Strength (MOR Parallel to grain, Grade E11)44 N/mm²
Minimum Modulus of Elasticity (MOE Parallel to grain, Grade E11)11000 N/mm²
Tables & Referenced Sections
Key Tables
Table 1 - Physical and Mechanical Properties
Table 2 - Dimensional Tolerances for Laminated Veneer Lumber