Design Rules🚻 Plumbing Fixtures

Storm Water Drain — Minimum Gradient

Self-cleansing slope for storm water drains
See also📖 NBC 2016🔗 NBC 2016🔗 IS 1742🔗 CPHEEO Manual🧮 RCC Design📒 Handbook Topic
1 : 100
minimum slope
100 mm fall over 10 m run
FLOW1 : 10010run m100fall mmSTORM WATER DRAIN PIPESWD MINIMUM SLOPE — PIPE GRADIENT
Primary value1 : 100 minimum slope (100 mm fall over 10 m run)
Applies toStorm water drains (open or covered) collecting roof and surface runoff · Site drainage from compound to municipal storm-sewer connection · Internal terrace gutters and parapet rainwater channels
Exceptions150 mm dia drain (minimum)1 : 100
Larger drains (300+ mm)1 : 150 acceptable
Self-cleansing velocity≥ 0.6 m/s (NBC 2016)
Open / channel drain (Manning n = 0.013)Slope per Manning's equation
Combined with sewer (no longer code-permitted)1 : 60
Measured asSlope is fall ÷ run, expressed as a ratio (1 : N) or percentage. 1:100 means 1 m fall over 100 m horizontal distance — equivalent to ~10 mm/m or 1%.
SourceNBC 2016Part 9, Section 2, Cl. 5.6
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Why this matters

Self-cleansing gradient prevents grit and silt from settling in the pipe — once sediment builds up, the drain blocks during the next monsoon and the building floods. 1:100 keeps water velocity above ~0.6 m/s in a 150 mm pipe carrying typical Indian rainfall intensity (50 mm/h).

Typical practice

Most Indian sites lay SWD pipes at 1:80 or 1:100 — 100 mm fall per 8–10 m of run is easy to set with a string-line. Tighter slopes (1:60) are reserved for pipe lengths under 5 m where the extra fall is cheaper than the digging.

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