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IS 5328:1969 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for method of test for determination of the chemical composition of asbestos fibre. This standard specifies the chemical methods for determining the composition of asbestos fibre, a key raw material for asbestos cement products. It details the procedures for quantifying components like loss on ignition, silica, iron oxides, alumina, and magnesia. This standard has been withdrawn by BIS due to the ban and health hazards associated with asbestos.
Method of test for determination of the chemical composition of asbestos fibre
QAMA Methods for Chemical AnalysisQAMA (Quebec Asbestos Mining Association), Canada
HighWithdrawn
Test Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Asbestos Fibres
Specifies classical wet chemistry methods for determining the same oxide composition of raw asbestos fibres.
ISO 21587-1:2007ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
MediumCurrent
Chemical analysis of aluminosilicate refractory products (alternative to the X-ray fluorescence method) — Part 1: Apparatus, reagents, dissolution and gravimetric determination of silica
Provides a modern, detailed gravimetric method for silica determination, analogous to the core method in IS 5328.
ASTM C25-19ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials), USA
MediumCurrent
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
Covers the chemical analysis of similar major oxides (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO) in mineral-based materials using classical and instrumental methods.
BS EN 196-2:2013BSI (British Standards Institution), UK / CEN (European Committee for Standardization)
MediumCurrent
Method of testing cement. Chemical analysis of cement
Details reference methods for determining key oxides like SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, CaO, and MgO in a silicate-based material.
Key Differences
≠IS 5328 exclusively prescribes classical wet chemistry methods (gravimetry and titrimetry), whereas modern standards like BS EN 196-2 also allow for or specify faster instrumental techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ICP-OES.
≠As a 1969 standard, IS 5328 lacks the detailed and stringent health and safety protocols for handling carcinogenic asbestos fibres that are mandatory in any modern laboratory practice or standard involving asbestos.
≠IS 5328 determines Alumina (Al₂O₃) by difference from the total mixed oxides (R₂O₃), which can be inaccurate. Modern methods often specify a direct determination of aluminum or use techniques like XRF that measure it independently.
≠Modern standards provide more rigorous specifications for reagent purity, water quality (e.g., Grade 1 or 2), and detailed calibration procedures, reflecting 50 years of advancement in analytical chemistry quality assurance.
Key Similarities
≈Both the IS code and historical/related international standards aim to determine the same suite of major chemical components in silicate materials: Silica (SiO₂), Iron Oxides (as Fe₂O₃), Alumina (Al₂O₃), Calcium Oxide (CaO), Magnesium Oxide (MgO), and Loss on Ignition (LOI).
≈The fundamental principle for determining silica via acid dissolution, dehydration, and gravimetric measurement in IS 5328 is a classic method that is still recognized as a reference procedure in modern standards like ISO 21587-1.
≈The procedure for determining Loss on Ignition (LOI) by heating the sample to a high temperature (approx. 1000°C) until a constant weight is achieved is a fundamental technique common to IS 5328 and modern standards like ASTM C25.
≈The initial sample preparation steps, including drying the sample at 105-110°C to remove free moisture and grinding to a fine powder for complete dissolution, are standard practice in both IS 5328 and other international mineral analysis standards.
Parameter Comparison
Parameter
IS Value
International
Source
Ignition Temperature for Loss on Ignition (LOI)
1000 ± 25 °C
950 ± 25 °C
BS EN 196-2:2013
Titrant for Calcium Oxide (CaO) Determination
Standard potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution
Standard EDTA solution
BS EN 196-2:2013
Precipitate Form for Gravimetric MgO Determination
Magnesium ammonium phosphate (ignited to Mg₂P₂O₇)
Magnesium ammonium phosphate (ignited to Mg₂P₂O₇)
ASTM C25-19
Titrant for Total Iron (as Fe₂O₃) Determination
Standard potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) solution
Standard potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) solution
ASTM C25-19
Temperature for Silica Dehydration
105 to 110 °C
110 ± 5 °C
ISO 21587-1:2007
Determination of Alumina (Al₂O₃)
By difference: (Total R₂O₃ oxides) - (Fe₂O₃ oxides)
Direct determination by complexometric titration or instrumental methods (e.g., XRF)
BS EN 196-2:2013
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use
Key Values3
Quick Reference Values
Ignition temperature for LOI test1000 ± 25 °C
Sample drying temperature105 to 110 °C
Minimum sample weight for analysis2 g
Key Formulas
% Loss on Ignition = [(W1 - W2) / W] * 100, where W1 is initial weight, W2 is weight after ignition
% Silica (SiO2) = (Weight of residue / Weight of sample) * 100
Tables & Referenced Sections
Key Tables
No tables data
Key Clauses
Clause 3 - Determination of Loss on Ignition
Clause 4 - Determination of Silica
Clause 5 - Determination of Total Iron as Ferric Oxide
No, IS 5328:1969 has been officially withdrawn by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
What is the primary purpose of determining the chemical composition of asbestos?+
It was for quality control and classification of asbestos fibres to ensure they meet the requirements for manufacturing products like asbestos cement sheets and pipes.
What safety precautions are necessary for this test?+
Due to the carcinogenicity of asbestos, all procedures must be conducted in a fume hood with proper ventilation, using respiratory protection (P3/N100 masks) and disposable gloves to prevent inhalation or ingestion of fibres.