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IS 15890 : 2010Design, Installation and Testing of Solar Timber Seasoning Kiln - Guidelines

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FAO Forestry Paper 109 · ISO 9806 · Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (General Technical Report FPL–GTR–188)
CurrentSpecializedGuidelinesMaterials Science · Timber and Timber Stores
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OverviewValues6InternationalTablesFAQ4Related

IS 15890:2010 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for design, installation and testing of solar timber seasoning kiln - guidelines. This standard provides guidelines for the design, construction, installation, and performance testing of solar-powered kilns for seasoning timber. It covers aspects like solar collector design, kiln structure, air circulation systems, and operational procedures to achieve desired moisture content in wood efficiently.

Design, Installation and Testing of Solar Timber Seasoning Kiln - Guidelines

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Materials Science — Timber and Timber Stores
Type
Guidelines
International equivalents
FAO Forestry Paper 109 · Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United NationsISO 9806:2017 · International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (General Technical Report FPL–GTR–188) · US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), USAASTM D4442-20 · ASTM International, USA
Typically used with
IS 1708IS 11215IS 2753IS 737
Also on InfraLens for IS 15890
6Key values3Tables4FAQs
Practical Notes
! Ensure the kiln is oriented to face true south (in the northern hemisphere) for maximum solar gain and efficiency.
! Proper stacking of timber with uniform spacing (stickering) is critical for ensuring even air flow and preventing drying defects.
! Regularly clean the collector glazing (glass or polycarbonate) to maintain high solar transmittance and overall performance.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 4Design ConsiderationsCl. 4.2Solar CollectorCl. 4.4Air Circulation SystemCl. 5InstallationCl. 6Testing and Performance EvaluationAnnex B - Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance
Pulled from IS 15890:2010. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
timberglasspolycarbonateinsulation materialsaluminiumsteel

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
FAO Forestry Paper 109Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
HighCurrent
Solar drying of sawn timber
Provides detailed guidelines on the design, construction, and operation of solar timber kilns, mirroring the scope of IS 15890.
ISO 9806:2017International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
MediumCurrent
Solar energy — Solar thermal collectors — Test methods
Covers the testing and performance evaluation of the solar collector component, which is a key part of the solar kiln system.
Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (General Technical Report FPL–GTR–188)US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), USA
MediumCurrent
Dry Kiln Operator's Manual
A comprehensive guide on the principles of timber drying, kiln operation, and scheduling, which are fundamental to the process, though not specific to solar kilns.
ASTM D4442-20ASTM International, USA
LowCurrent
Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Specifies the method for measuring wood moisture content, a critical testing parameter referenced within IS 15890.
Key Differences
≠IS 15890 is a holistic standard covering design, installation, and testing of the complete solar kiln system, whereas international standards are typically fragmented into separate documents for solar collectors (ISO 9806), timber drying principles (FPL Manual), and moisture measurement (ASTM D4442).
≠The Indian standard provides specific design examples and considerations tailored to Indian climatic zones and the use of locally available materials (like bamboo, mud, rice husk for insulation), a level of local adaptation not found in generic international standards.
≠IS 15890 is a 'guideline' standard, making many of its provisions recommendations rather than strict requirements. In contrast, standards like ISO 9806 or ASTM D4442 prescribe mandatory, repeatable test procedures for certification and comparison.
≠International standards for solar thermal systems (e.g., ISO 9806) often require more sophisticated instrumentation and laboratory conditions for performance testing than the more practical, field-oriented tests outlined in IS 15890.
Key Similarities
≈Both IS 15890 and international guidelines (like FAO papers) are founded on the same core principles of solar energy capture (greenhouse effect, absorption by a black surface) and mass transfer for removing moisture from wood.
≈The necessity of proper timber stacking with stickers to ensure uniform air circulation through the wood pile is a fundamental concept emphasized in IS 15890 and all international timber drying manuals.
≈All related standards and guides stress the importance of monitoring and controlling key parameters during the drying process, including internal kiln temperature, relative humidity, and the moisture content of the timber.
≈Both the Indian standard and international practices recognize the need to control the maximum temperature inside the kiln (typically below 70°C for solar kilns) to prevent timber degradation, such as case-hardening, checking, or collapse.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Target Final Moisture Content (Interior Use)8 to 12% (depending on climatic zone)6 to 8% (typical for North America)Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (FPL)
Recommended Air Velocity (Forced Circulation)1.0 to 1.5 m/s through the timber stack1 to 3 m/s (200 to 600 ft/min)Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (FPL)
Maximum Kiln Operating TemperatureShould not normally exceed 60°C40°C to 70°C is the typical range for solar kilnsFAO Forestry Paper 109
Sticker Thickness20 to 25 mm19 to 25 mm (3/4 to 1 inch)Dry Kiln Operator's Manual (FPL)
Collector Glazing Tilt Angle (for year-round use)Approximately equal to the latitude of the locationEqual to site latitude (a common rule of thumb)General solar design principles (referenced in FAO/ISO documents)
Moisture Content Measurement MethodRecommends oven-dry method as the primary methodSpecifies oven-dry method as the reference test methodASTM D4442-20
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values6

Quick Reference Values
Recommended air velocity through timber stack0.5 to 1.5 m/s
Recommended collector tilt angle for year-round useEqual to the latitude of the location
Typical kiln temperature rise above ambient15°C to 25°C
Minimum recommended insulation thickness (Glasswool/Rockwool)50 mm
Target final moisture content for furniture grade timber8-12 %
Recommended air gap in solar collector50 to 100 mm
Key Formulas
A_c = (M_w * L) / (I_T * η * t) — Formula for estimating Solar Collector Area (A_c) based on mass of water to be removed (M_w), latent heat of vaporization (L), solar irradiance (I_T), overall system efficiency (η), and drying time (t).

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 - Recommended Air Circulation Rates for Solar Kilns
Table 2 - Typical Drying Times for Common Indian Timbers in a Solar Kiln
Table A.1 - Average Solar Radiation Data for Different Indian Cities
Key Clauses
Clause 4 - Design Considerations
Clause 4.2 - Solar Collector
Clause 4.4 - Air Circulation System
Clause 5 - Installation
Clause 6 - Testing and Performance Evaluation
Annex B - Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 1708:2014Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of T...
→
IS 11215:1991The moisture content of timber and timber pro...
→
IS 2753:2000Methods for estimation of preservatives in tr...
→
IS 737:2008Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy Sheet a...
→

Frequently Asked Questions4

What is the recommended air velocity inside the kiln?+
The recommended air velocity through the timber stack is between 0.5 and 1.5 m/s (Clause 4.4).
How do I determine the required solar collector size?+
Annex A provides a detailed method for estimating the required solar collector area based on timber volume, species, initial/final moisture content, and location.
What should be the tilt angle of the solar collector?+
For year-round performance, the tilt angle should be approximately equal to the latitude of the location. For seasonal use, it can be adjusted (Latitude ± 15°). (Clause 4.2.2)
What is the typical drying time for timber in a solar kiln?+
Drying time varies greatly with species, thickness, and season. For a 25mm thick hard wood like rubberwood, it can range from 15-25 days (Table 2).

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