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IS 13735 : 1993Recommendations for Assessment of Durability of Concrete - Methods of Test

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BS EN 12390-8 · BS 1881-122 · ASTM C1202
CurrentSpecializedTesting MethodMaterials Science · Demolition, Renovation and Repair of Structures
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OverviewValues7InternationalTablesFAQ4Related

IS 13735:1993 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for recommendations for assessment of durability of concrete - methods of test. This standard provides recommendations for methods of test to assess the in-situ durability of hardened concrete. It covers procedures for visual inspection, half-cell potential measurement, resistivity, carbonation depth, permeability, and ultrasonic pulse velocity to diagnose deterioration and estimate the remaining service life of concrete structures.

Recommends methods of test for assessing the durability characteristics of concrete.

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Specialized
Domain
Materials Science — Demolition, Renovation and Repair of Structures
Type
Testing Method
International equivalents
BS EN 12390-8:2019 · BSI / CEN, United Kingdom / EuropeBS 1881-122:2011 · BSI, United KingdomASTM C1202-19 · ASTM International, USAISO 1920-12:2015 · ISO, International
Typically used with
IS 516IS 876
Also on InfraLens for IS 13735
7Key values3Tables4FAQs
Practical Notes
! Results from these non-destructive tests (NDT) are indicative and should be interpreted collectively, not in isolation. A conclusion on durability should be based on results from multiple tests.
! Environmental conditions, especially moisture content and temperature of the concrete surface, significantly influence half-cell potential and resistivity readings. Readings on dry concrete can be misleading.
! These tests are primarily used for condition assessment and forensic investigation of existing structures, not for routine quality control of new construction.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 5Half-cell Electrical Potential MethodCl. 6Measurement of Resistivity of ConcreteCl. 7Carbonation TestCl. 8Permeability TestCl. 9Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Pulled from IS 13735:1993. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
concretehardened concretereinforcement steel

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
BS EN 12390-8:2019BSI / CEN, United Kingdom / Europe
HighCurrent
Testing hardened concrete. Depth of penetration of water under pressure
Covers the water permeability test, which is a key component of IS 13735.
BS 1881-122:2011BSI, United Kingdom
HighCurrent
Testing concrete. Method for determination of water absorption
Provides a method for water absorption testing, directly comparable to the method in IS 13735.
ASTM C1202-19ASTM International, USA
MediumCurrent
Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration (RCPT)
Addresses chloride ingress resistance, but uses a rapid electrical method unlike the long-term ponding test in IS 13735.
ISO 1920-12:2015ISO, International
HighCurrent
Testing of concrete — Part 12: Determination of the carbonation resistance of concrete — Accelerated carbonation method
Specifies a method for determining carbonation depth, similar in principle to the field/lab method in IS 13735.
Key Differences
≠IS 13735 is a single consolidated standard compiling multiple durability test methods (permeability, absorption, carbonation, etc.), whereas international practice (ASTM, EN) typically dedicates a separate standard for each individual test method.
≠For chloride resistance, IS 13735 specifies a long-term ponding test measuring chloride profiles. The widely used international equivalent, ASTM C1202, uses a rapid, indirect electrical measurement (RCPT) to assess chloride permeability in just 6 hours.
≠The water permeability test duration in IS 13735 is 96 hours, which differs from the 72-hour duration specified in its European equivalent, BS EN 12390-8.
≠IS 13735 provides indicative classifications for concrete quality based on test results (e.g., 'Good', 'Moderate', 'Poor' for permeability), while many modern EN test method standards strictly describe the procedure, leaving classification to separate specification standards like EN 206.
Key Similarities
≈The fundamental principle of the water permeability test, involving applying water under pressure to one face of a concrete specimen and measuring penetration depth, is conceptually identical to methods in BS EN 12390-8 and the older DIN 1048.
≈The basic methodology for the water absorption test—drying a specimen to constant mass, immersing in water, and measuring mass gain—is a common principle shared with BS 1881-122 and ASTM C642.
≈The use of a phenolphthalein indicator solution sprayed on a freshly broken concrete surface to measure the depth of carbonation is the standard, universally accepted technique used in IS 13735 and international practices.
≈The Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT) apparatus and principle described in IS 13735 are almost identical to those in the British standard BS 1881-208, including the specified 200 mm head of water.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Water Permeability Test Pressure5 kgf/cm² (approx. 0.5 MPa)500 ± 50 kPa (0.5 MPa)BS EN 12390-8:2019
Water Permeability Test Duration96 hours72 hoursBS EN 12390-8:2019
Water Absorption Specimen Drying Temperature100°C to 110°C105 ± 5°CBS 1881-122:2011
Water Absorption Immersion Duration (Initial)48 hours recommended30 minutesBS 1881-122:2011
Initial Surface Absorption Test (ISAT) Water Head200 mm200 ± 20 mmBS 1881-208:1996
Carbonation Test Indicator Solution1% phenolphthalein in ethanol1% phenolphthalein in 70% ethanolISO 1920-12:2015
Chloride Attack Test (Ponding) NaCl Concentration5% Sodium Chloride solution3% Sodium Chloride solution by massASTM C1543-10a(2017)
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values7

Quick Reference Values
Corrosion probability >90% (Half-cell)< -350 mV vs CSE
Corrosion probability <10% (Half-cell)> -200 mV vs CSE
Resistivity for very high corrosion likelihood< 5 kΩ·cm
Resistivity for very low corrosion likelihood> 20 kΩ·cm
Phenolphthalein indicator concentration1% solution in ethanol
UPV for Excellent Quality Concrete> 4.5 km/s
UPV for Doubtful Quality Concrete< 3.0 km/s

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 - ASTM C876 Criteria for Corrosion Potential Measurement
Table 2 - Relationship Between Resistivity of Concrete and Corrosion Likelihood
Table 3 - Velocity Criterion for Concrete Quality Grading
Key Clauses
Clause 5 - Half-cell Electrical Potential Method
Clause 6 - Measurement of Resistivity of Concrete
Clause 7 - Carbonation Test
Clause 8 - Permeability Test
Clause 9 - Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 516:2021Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete - P...
→
IS 876:1992Wood Poles for Overhead Power And Telecommuni...
→

Frequently Asked Questions4

What does a half-cell potential of -450 mV against a Copper-Sulphate Electrode (CSE) indicate?+
It indicates a greater than 90% probability of active reinforcement corrosion at the point of measurement (Table 1).
How is the depth of carbonation measured on-site?+
By spraying a 1% phenolphthalein solution on a freshly exposed concrete surface. The uncarbonated (alkaline) concrete turns pink/purple, while the carbonated (neutralized) area remains colorless (Clause 7.2).
What does a concrete resistivity of 8 kΩ·cm suggest?+
It suggests a high likelihood of reinforcement corrosion, as the low resistivity provides an easy path for the flow of corrosion currents (Table 2).
Is an Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test sufficient to determine concrete strength?+
No, UPV is primarily for assessing the homogeneity and quality (e.g., presence of voids/cracks) of concrete. While correlations exist, it is not a direct measure of compressive strength (Clause 9).

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