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IS 12777 : 1989Method for Classification of Flame Spread of Products

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BS 476-7 · EN 13501-1 · ASTM E84-23a
CurrentFrequently UsedTesting MethodBIMFire Safety · Fire Safety
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OverviewValues6InternationalTablesFAQ4Related

IS 12777:1989 is the Indian Standard (BIS) for method for classification of flame spread of products. This standard specifies the test method and classification system for the surface flame spread of products using a radiant panel apparatus. It categorizes materials into four classes based on a calculated Flame Spread Index, which helps in selecting suitable materials for building interiors to control fire propagation.

Method for Classification of Flame Spread of Products

Overview

Status
Current
Usage level
Frequently Used
Domain
Fire Safety — Fire Safety
Type
Testing Method
International equivalents
BS 476-7:1997 · BSI, United KingdomEN 13501-1:2018+A1:2018 · CEN, European UnionASTM E84-23a · ASTM International, USAISO 5658-2:2006 · ISO, International
Typically used with
IS 3809IS 15061
Also on InfraLens for IS 12777
6Key values1Tables4FAQs

BIM-relevant code. See the BIM Hub for ISO 19650, IFC, and LOD/LOIN frameworks used alongside it.

Practical Notes
! This test is commonly known as the 'Radiant Panel Test' for surface flammability.
! The classification (Class 1 to 4) is a critical input for architects and fire engineers to comply with material requirements in the National Building Code of India (Part 4: Fire and Life Safety).
! The test methodology is technically similar to the international standard ASTM E 162.
Frequently referenced clauses
Cl. 3PrincipleCl. 4ApparatusCl. 6Test ProcedureCl. 7Calculation of Flame Spread IndexCl. 8Classification of Products
Pulled from IS 12777:1989. Browse the full clause & table index below in Tables & Referenced Sections.
building materialsfinishesliningsplasticswoodtextilesinsulation

International Equivalents

Similar International Standards
BS 476-7:1997BSI, United Kingdom
HighCurrent
Fire tests on building materials and structures - Part 7: Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products
Defines an almost identical classification system (Class 1-4) based on the same radiant panel test method.
EN 13501-1:2018+A1:2018CEN, European Union
MediumCurrent
Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests
Provides a comprehensive fire classification system (Euroclasses), but uses different primary test methods (e.g., SBI test) and parameters.
ASTM E84-23aASTM International, USA
LowCurrent
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
Classifies surface flame spread but uses a fundamentally different apparatus (Steiner Tunnel) and reporting metric (Flame Spread Index).
ISO 5658-2:2006ISO, International
MediumCurrent
Reaction to fire tests — Spread of flame — Part 2: Lateral spread on building and transport products in vertical configuration
Specifies the test method for lateral flame spread that is technically very similar, but does not itself provide the Class 1-4 classification system.
Key Differences
≠IS 12777 uses a four-tier system (Class 1, 2, 3, 4), whereas the modern European equivalent EN 13501-1 uses a more detailed Euroclass system (A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F) that also includes smoke production ('s') and flaming droplets ('d') classifications.
≠The test apparatus for IS 12777 (radiant panel on a vertical specimen) is fundamentally different from the primary North American standard, ASTM E84, which uses a 25-foot long horizontal 'Steiner Tunnel'.
≠The Indian standard focuses exclusively on surface flame spread, while EN 13501-1 classification is based on a wider range of data, including total heat release (FIGRA) from the Single Burning Item (SBI) test.
≠Correlations between IS 12777 classes and other systems like ASTM E84's Flame Spread Index are not direct and can only be established through extensive comparative testing, as the fire scenarios and measurement principles differ significantly.
Key Similarities
≈IS 12777 is a direct adoption of the British Standard BS 476-7, sharing the same classification criteria, test principles, and performance limits.
≈The fundamental test principle, measuring the lateral spread of flame along a vertically oriented specimen exposed to a radiant heat gradient, is identical to that of BS 476-7 and very similar to ISO 5658-2.
≈The classification in both IS 12777 and BS 476-7 is determined by measuring the extent of flame travel at 1.5 minutes and at the end of the test (10 minutes).
≈The overall purpose of IS 12777 and its international counterparts is to provide a standardized method for classifying building materials according to their surface flammability to aid in fire safety design and regulation.
Parameter Comparison
ParameterIS ValueInternationalSource
Classification SystemClass 1, 2, 3, 4Class 1, 2, 3, 4BS 476-7:1997
Specimen Size (Nominal)900 mm x 230 mm900 mm x 230 mmBS 476-7:1997
Class 1 Limit at 1.5 min165 mm spread165 mm spreadBS 476-7:1997
Class 1 Final Limit at 10 min165 mm spread165 mm spreadBS 476-7:1997
Class 2 Final Limit at 10 min455 mm spread455 mm spreadBS 476-7:1997
Class 3 Final Limit at 10 min710 mm spread710 mm spreadBS 476-7:1997
Class 4 ClassificationExceeds the limits for Class 3Exceeds the limits for Class 3BS 476-7:1997
Primary MeasurementDistance of flame spread vs. timeFlame Spread Index (FSI) & Smoke Developed Index (SDI)ASTM E84-23a
⚠ Verify details from original standards before use

Key Values6

Quick Reference Values
Flame Spread Index (Is) for Class 1< 25
Flame Spread Index (Is) for Class 226 to 75
Flame Spread Index (Is) for Class 376 to 200
Flame Spread Index (Is) for Class 4> 200
Standard test specimen size150 mm x 460 mm
Radiant panel temperatureApprox. 670°C at the upper edge
Key Formulas
Is = Fs * Q — Flame Spread Index
Fs = 1 + (1 / (t3-t0)) + (1 / (t6-t3)) + (1 / (t9-t6)) + (1 / (t12-t9)) + (1 / (t15-t12)) — Flame Spread Factor
Q = C * T — Heat Evolution Factor

Tables & Referenced Sections

Key Tables
Table 1 - Classification of Products
Key Clauses
Clause 3 - Principle
Clause 4 - Apparatus
Clause 6 - Test Procedure
Clause 7 - Calculation of Flame Spread Index
Clause 8 - Classification of Products

Related Resources on InfraLens

Cross-Referenced Codes
IS 3809:1979Fire resistance test for structures
→
IS 15061:2002Buried Flexible Pipelines — Structural Design
→

Frequently Asked Questions4

What is a Class 1 material according to IS 12777?+
A material with a Flame Spread Index (Is) of 25 or less, indicating very low surface flame spread characteristics.
What is the primary output of the test described in this code?+
The primary output is the Flame Spread Index (Is), a dimensionless number which is then used to classify the material into one of four classes (Table 1).
Where is this classification primarily used?+
It is primarily used for selecting materials for wall and ceiling linings, finishes, and other interior components in buildings, as stipulated by the National Building Code (NBC), to manage fire spread.
Does this test measure fire resistance?+
No, this test measures surface flame spread, not fire resistance. Fire resistance (measured in hours) is the ability of a structural element to withstand fire and is determined by tests like IS 3809.

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