What instrument is used to measure lateral movement of a slope?

An inclinometer is used to measure lateral deflections or deformations in soil and rock masses. (Clause 3.2.3)

How can I monitor the stress changes in the rock around a tunnel?

Borehole stressmeters (e.g., vibrating wire stressmeter) or flat jacks can be installed to measure the change in stress in the rock mass. (Clause 5)

What is the difference between an extensometer and an inclinometer?

An extensometer measures axial displacement (movement along the axis of the instrument), while an inclinometer measures lateral displacement (movement perpendicular to the axis of the instrument).

What is a piezometer used for in rock mechanics?

A piezometer is used to measure pore water pressure or groundwater levels within the rock mass, which is crucial for stability analysis. (Clause 7)

IS 11207

: 1985

Recommendations for instrumentation for rock mechanics

CurrentSpecializedGuidelinesBIMGeotechnical · Tunneling and Underground Structures

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This standard provides recommendations for the selection, installation, and operation of instruments used in rock mechanics. It covers the monitoring of various parameters such as deformation, strain, stress, temperature, and groundwater pressure to assess the behavior of rock masses during and after construction of major civil engineering projects like tunnels, dams, and underground cavities.

Provides recommendations for the selection, installation, and monitoring of various instruments used in rock mechanics applications, including underground excavations.

Practical Notes

The selection of an instrument is critical and should be based on the project requirements, geological conditions, expected magnitude of change, and required precision.

Proper installation, calibration, and establishment of a reliable baseline reading before construction activities commence are paramount for acquiring meaningful data.

Data interpretation requires a strong understanding of the instrument's principles, its limitations, and the geological and construction context of the site.